Female Orgasm System: The Female Sex Muscles

Video review and transcript pending

References

Pelvic Floor

Brækken, Ingeborg H., Memona Majida, Marie Ellström Engh, and Kari Bø. “Can Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Improve Sexual Function in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse? A Randomized Controlled Trial.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 470–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12746.
Celenay, Seyda Toprak, Yasemin Karaaslan, and Enver Ozdemir. “Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Sexual Dysfunction, Sexual Satisfaction of Partners, Urinary Symptoms, and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women with Overactive Bladder: A Randomized Controlled Study.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 19, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1421–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.003.
Edenfield, Autumn L., Pamela J. Levin, Alexis A. Dieter, Cindy L. Amundsen, and Nazema Y. Siddiqui. “Sexual Activity and Vaginal Topography in Women with Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 416–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12716.
Ferreira, Clicia Raiane Galvão, Wenderk Martins Soares, Caren Heloise da Costa Priante, Natália de Souza Duarte, Cleuma Oliveira Soares, Kayonne Campos Bittencourt, Giovana Salomão Melo, et al. “Strength and Bioelectrical Activity of the Pelvic Floor Muscles and Sexual Function in Women with and without Stress Urinary Incontinence: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.” Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020181.
Omodei, Michelle Sako, Lucia Regina Marques Gomes Delmanto, Eduardo Carvalho-Pessoa, Eneida Boteon Schmitt, Georgia Petri Nahas, and Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas. “Association Between Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1938–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.09.014.

Urinary Sphincter

Athanasiou, Stavros, Christos Kalantzis, Dimitrios Zacharakis, Nikolaos Kathopoulis, Artemis Pontikaki, and Themistoklis Grigoriadis. “The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Novel Nonsurgical Treatment of the Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Prospective Pilot Study.” Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 27, no. 11 (November 2021): e668–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001100.
Callewaert, Geertje, Marina Monteiro Carvalho Mori Da Cunha, Nikhil Sindhwani, Maurilio Sampaolesi, Maarten Albersen, and Jan Deprest. “Cell-Based Secondary Prevention of Childbirth-Induced Pelvic Floor Trauma.” Nature Reviews Urology 14, no. 6 (June 2017): 373–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2017.42.
Ford, Abigail A., Lynne Rogerson, June D. Cody, and Joseph Ogah. “Mid‐urethral Sling Operations for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006375.pub3.
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. “Cosmetic Surgical Procedures on the Vulva and Vagina - an Overview.” Accessed January 18, 2022. https://ijme.in/articles/cosmetic-surgical-procedures-on-the-vulva-and-vagina-an-overview/.
Joseph, Christine, Kosha Srivastava, Olive Ochuba, Sheila W. Ruo, Tasnim Alkayyali, Jasmine K. Sandhu, Ahsan Waqar, Ashish Jain, and Sujan Poudel. “Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Young Nulliparous Female Athletes.” Cureus 13, no. 9 (September 2021). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17986.
Kirchin, Vivienne, Tobias Page, Phil E. Keegan, Kofi OM Atiemo, June D. Cody, Samuel McClinton, Patricia Aluko, and Cochrane Incontinence Group. “Urethral Injection Therapy for Urinary Incontinence in Women.” The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, no. 7 (July 2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003881.pub4.
Lee, Patricia E., Rose C. Kung, and Harold P. Drutz. “PERIURETHRAL AUTOLOGOUS FAT INJECTION AS TREATMENT FOR FEMALE STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED TRIAL.” Journal of Urology 165, no. 1 (January 2001): 153–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-200101000-00037.
Long, Cheng-Yu, Kun-Ling Lin, Chin-Ru Shen, Chin-Ru Ker, Yi-Yin Liu, Zi-Xi Loo, Hui-Hua Hsiao, and Yung-Chin Lee. “A Pilot Study: Effectiveness of Local Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Treating Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence.” Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (December 2021): 1584. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80598-2.
Nikolopoulos, Kostis I., Vasilios Pergialiotis, Despina Perrea, and Stergios K. Doumouchtsis. “Restoration of the Pubourethral Ligament with Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence.” Medical Hypotheses 90 (May 2016): 29–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.019.
O’Connor, Eabhann, Aisling Nic an Riogh, Markos Karavitakis, Serenella Monagas, and Arjun Nambiar. “Diagnosis and Non-Surgical Management of Urinary Incontinence – A Literature Review with Recommendations for Practice.” International Journal of General Medicine 14 (August 16, 2021): 4555–65. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S289314.
Oshiro, Takuma, Ryu Kimura, Keiichiro Izumi, Asuka Ashikari, Seiichi Saito, and Minoru Miyazato. “Changes in Urethral Smooth Muscle and External Urethral Sphincter Function with Age in Rats.” Physiological Reports 8, no. 24 (2021): e14643. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14643.
PANDIT, MEGHANA, JOHN O. L. DELANCEY, JAMES A. ASHTON-MILLER, JYOTHSNA IYENGAR, MILA BLAIVAS, and DANIELE PERUCCHINI. “Quantification of Intramuscular Nerves Within the Female Striated Urogenital Sphincter Muscle.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 95, no. 6 Pt 1 (June 2000): 797–800. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1192577/.
Perucchini, Daniele, John O.L. DeLancey, James A. Ashton-Miller, Andrzej Galecki, and Gabriel N. Schaer. “Age Effects on Urethral Striated Muscle II. Anatomic Location of Muscle Loss.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 186, no. 3 (March 2002): 356–60. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.121090.
Perucchini, Daniele, John OL DeLancey, James A. Ashton-Miller, Ursula Peschers, and Tripti Kataria. “Age Effects on Urethral Striated Muscle I. Changes in Number and Diameter of Striated Muscle Fibers in the Ventral Urethra.” American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 186, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 351–55. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.121089.
Samy Tahoon, Ahmed, Hossam El-Din Hussein Salem, and Assem Anwar Abdo Mousa. “The Role of Platelet Rich Plasma Injections in Cases of Stress Incontinence.” Preprint, May 14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32388/KG77ZQ.
Wiśniewska-Ślepaczuk, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Pieczykolan, Joanna Grzesik-Gąsior, and Artur Wdowiak. “A Review of Aesthetic Gynecologic Procedures for Women.” Plastic Surgical Nursing 41, no. 4 (October 2021): 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSN.0000000000000400.
Zhou, Shukui, Kaile Zhang, Anthony Atala, Oula Khoury, Sean V Murphy, Weixin Zhao, and Qiang Fu. “Stem Cell Therapy for Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: The Current Status and Challenges,” n.d. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7060975.
Zubieta, Maria, Rebecca L. Carr, Marcus J. Drake, and Kari Bø. “Influence of Voluntary Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Urethral Closure Pressures: A Systematic Literature Review.” International Urogynecology Journal 27, no. 5 (May 2016): 687–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-015-2856-9.

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